I will be expanding this page as time allows.
The underlined links have been completed....

Lotus Notes
In the words of Ray Ozzie's ( leader of IRIS, developer of Notes):
We wanted to create a...computer assisted collaboration system that would enable companies to build customized information-sharing applications.
Thus, his target was information, not data. Lotus Notes was introduced circa 1989.
With Notes version 4.5, Lotus introduced the Domino Server, ( a combination Lotus Notes server and HTTP Server).
"The plan was to shift away from network-scope groupware products and toward new generation products that integrate groupware concepts and the power of the document model into the Internet technology arena."
With the new release, version 5.0, Lotus continued to shift its focus to the Internet and renamed the complete product "Domino".
Today, the name "Notes" is reserved for the powerful client. This Notes client can take advantage of some of the Domino services which browsers cannot (yet!).

Domino
Domino is the server technology which transformed Lotus Notes into an Internet applications server
The Domino product is an integrated messaging and Web application software platform.
It provides a robust environment for creating Web applications that support workflow, RBDMS connectivity, and collaboration.
Domino servers support both Web and Notes technologies and combine them to produce an integrated environment unmatched by any other technology. From the developer's handbook: The Domino Server family is an integrated messaging and Web application software platform.

Replication
Replication is the process by which two copies of a single Notes database are synchronized. These copies may exist on two different Notes servers, or one copy may exist on the server while the other is stored on a user's laptop. ( Client to client replication is not possible.)
Lotus Notes was designed to allow a user to work on a database while disconnected from the Network. What happens when the user re-connects to the Network ? If she has made changes to her copy of the data, these changes must be incorporated into the server version. How do we re-synchronize the data so that all users see a consistent view of the database ? Replication is one of Domino's strengths and is a result of the time and effort that has been spent answering this question. Bi-directional replication automatically distributes and synchronizes information and applications across geographically dispersed sites..

Shared Fields
In other database platforms, it is common to think of sharing fields as a means of sharing data.It is important to realize that when Lotus Notes refers to shared fields, it is speaking of shared field definitions. Imagine a shared telephone field: Telephone fields appearing on different forms will contain different data, however we may want all telephone fields to have the same display format i.e. (nnn)nnn-nnnn. During data entry, we want to ensure that all telephone numbers have 10 digits. Going further, we may want all telephone fields to appear in the same size and font. This is why a shared field is used. It is a method of applying a consistent validation formula, a consistent input translation formula etc. to all fields of the same "type".

Shared Fields
Replication

Shared Fields
Replication

Shared Fields
Replication